Nationalism movement

In 1905 the first nationalist movement, the Islamic Trade Union was formed and was followed in 1908 by the nationalist movements that followed, Budi Utomo. The Dutch responded after the First World War with repressive measures. Nationalist leaders came from small groups consisting of young professionals and students, some of whom have been educated in the Netherlands. Many of those who were imprisoned for political activities, including Indonesia's first president, Sukarno.