Happy Street Teacher Nations

Gus Dur's Death

Indonesian Leader 12/31/2009: Former President KH Abdurrahman Wahid, who called Gus Dur, died at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Wednesday (30/12) at 18:45. Indonesia and the world mourned. Former Chairman of the NU, the birth of Jombang, East Java, August 4, 1940 it was the teacher of the nation. Serving for the sake of the nation in diversity.

President Susilo BambangYudhoyono overnight express deep condolence on behalf of state, government, and privately by the death of Gus Dur, president of the Republic of Indonesia's 1999-2001 period. President asks people fly the flag at half mast for a week as a form of respect and mourning.

Accompanied by Vice President Boediono and some ministers, the President explained, the state will provide the highest tribute to the late Gus Dur with a state ceremony for the funeral which will be held in Jombang, Thursday, 31/12/2009, chaired by the President.

Departure bodies from funeral homes in Ciganjur, Thursday morning, led by Chairman of the Assembly Taufik Kiemas. The body was flown via Singapore and disamput with a military ceremony led by Army Commander.

Chairman Tim Joseph Misbah Doctors who treat the Gus Dur since December 26, 2009 to give information about the certainty of the death of Gus Dur has been in RSCM. Joseph, accompanied by Minister of Health Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih.

According to Joseph, Gus Dur was hospitalized in a state of declining health after making a pilgrimage to the tomb of a number of scholars in East Java. Called, Wahid condition had improved during treatment. However, at about 11:30 Wednesday, 12/30, his health suddenly deteriorated related complications during this illness, namely kidney, diabetes, stroke, and heart. At 18:15, the team doctor said that Gus Dur's health is in critical condition. Doing intensive care by a team of doctors. But his life is not helped, and was pronounced dead at 6:45 p.m., Wednesday (30/12).

In critical condition, the President had met Gus Dur's wife, Mrs. Sinta Nuriyah Wahid. After that, go to the infirmary. Accompanied the President is the team doctor and husband Gus Dur's second daughter, Yenny Wahid, Dhohir Pharisees.

Guru Nation

Indonesian nation to lose teachers. He's a character who never tired to enlighten the mind of all components of the nation. Often many people do not understand the way of thinking, so it is often considered controversial. He was a defender of truth. Combatants diversity.

Teacher nation statesman. That Gus Dur has a strong commitment on the pluralism of Indonesia. A host of modern Islamic thought in the traditional spirit. So sometimes he is accused are too liberal in his mind about religion. Happy Street Teacher Nations

KH Abdurrahman Wahid (2001)

Teacher Social rudder Nation

He is familiarly called Gus Dur, the Guru Nation which often threw the controversial opinions. Even when he was President of the Republic to-four (20 October 1999-24 July 2001), he was not afraid to express something which he believes is true even though many people find it difficult to understand and even opposed it.

Although his voice was often invite controversy, but the sound was not rare in fact be the steering currents of social travel, politics and culture forward. He was a man who was not afraid to express something which he believed was right. In fact, she is also not afraid to express something different from the opinion of many people. If Disraeli, truth is indeed often seemed a radical and controversial.

Although opinions are not always right - not to mention often true in the eyes of others - is something that is difficult argue that many of the opinion that directs the flow of rail travel on a true nation in accordance with national objectives in the Preamble to the Constitution in 1945.

Opinions are often seen without a personal or group political interest. He dared to stand in front for the interests of others or other groups who his believe true. In fact, often as opposed to voice his own group. Also, even when he became president, that office like as brakes unable to express something. Apparently, he forgot the soft political office for the sake of something which he believed was right. So when he became president, many people consider it strange because often make remarks that invite controversy.

Not one month presidency, former NU chairman (1984-1999) was already sparked opinions ears redden most members of Parliament. In front of the legislative assembly, whose members again as a member of the Assembly, who had just picked it, Wahid said the members of the legislature's like kindergarten kids.

Shortly thereafter, he also said it would open trade relations with Israel, a country hated by many people in Indonesia. This statement is to invite a strong reaction from some parts of Islam.

Some time ago, he fired several members of his Unity Cabinet, including Hamzah Haz (Chairman of the United Development Party). Various policies and this makes it more real firing away from the conspiracy of political interests that allow him elected president.

At that time, the General Session in 1999, the Central Axis that fail to pass one of his own character to be president (President BJ Habibie, Amien Rais, Hamzah Haz, and Yusril Ihza Mahendra), Gus Dur's arm to be able to defeat Megawati Sukarno-daughter.

Gus Dur, a renowned expert in politics, deftly capturing this opportunity. So that Megawati's party won the elections which ultimately only get a vice chair. Gus Dur's election was, once again has shown controversial figure. Controversy in the political feasibility of democracy. Controversy about the physical condition of Gus Dur himself. But it must be admitted, that Gus Dur, with Genius and excellence that exceeds the capacity of many people! If it was not Gus Dur, it is very unlikely to happen.

Though not surprised when at first he was considered only as bait by a conspiracy of political interests. Because of the votes and the health condition of PKB, Gus Dur is considered highly unlikely to become president. However, with Gus Dur Genius play ball that rolled out of Central Axis (when it is a coalition of Islamic-based parties minus PKB) joined hands with Golkar, MPR rejected the accountability of President BJ Habibie. This is an ethical force BJ Habibie withdrew from the presidential nomination at the last second.

The night after the rejection of Habibie's accountability and before the morning of the presidential election, Golkar leaders and held a meeting at the Central Axis of Habibie's residence. They are looking for a replacement, BJ Habibie. The first alternative, as the General Chairman Akbar Tanjung, Golkar. Iramasuka group led by AA Bramuli refused. Then came the name of Hamzah Haz, Chairman of the PPP. Not considered strong against Megawati. Finally, the crack of dawn appeared the name of Amien Rais, Chairman of the PAN.

Amien is estimated to be able to win votes, reflecting the acquisition of voting in elections won by MPR Chairman Amien Rais. At that Gus Dur (played political tricks) supports Amien Rais compete with Matori Abdul Djalil (Chairman of PKB), which supported the PDIP. Finally, in a meeting at the house of President BJ Habibie, Amien Rais agreed to a presidential candidate, Amien records will first confirm it with Gus Dur.

However, before the confirmation was made, at the instigation of the PKB and approval Kyai Wahid had already officially registered Wahid's candidacy. Gus Dur's candidacy officially this shocking Central Axis (which often refer to nominate Gus Dur). Golkar and PDIP is also surprising even his own PSA. Once again, Gus Dur showed his Genius controversial and shocking.

Surprisingly changed the political map. Amien Rais diurungkan candidacy. Then came the name Yusril Ihza Mahendra (Chairman of the UN General Assembly) of the Central Axis faction formally nominate themselves to compete with Gus Dur and Megawati. The emergence of a faction of Megawati Yusril could make more optimistic about winning the election. But, then revoked Yusril candidacy after a meeting with Gus Dur. Wahid once again showed his class in politics.

Gus Dur from smaller parties (11%), defeating Megawati's party election winners (35%). Membership composition of the Assembly election results in 1999 that more 90 percent of men's Iaki, apparently reluctant to vote for Gus Dur, among others, for reasons of gender. A LlPI political observers call it a historical accident. Even Gus Dur himself was apparently feeling shocked and surprised by saying: "The blind kok elected as President".

The atmosphere outside the trial heats. Because the Assembly considered to have set aside the people's voice is reflected in the election. However, in this case, Gus Dur, once again, showed his prowess. He had a sniper tactics. He embraced Megawati. CLA formally nominate Megawati in the seizure of chairs Vice President, Hamzah Haz to compete with the Central Axis is supported. Megawati also won.

At that time, it seems that Gus Dur is very aware of his weaknesses. In his opening remarks the first few moments after he won the presidential election, he would like to thank PDIP Megawati and health factors that are not disputed fiscally.

At first many people are optimistic that the duo-Wahid to Megawati, who has long been 'brothers', will be lasting and strong. Moreover, the composition is supported by the Union Cabinet to accommodate almost all political forces and kepiawian Gus Dur in politics.

But as the saying goes: clever-clever squirrel jumped finally fell to the ground only. In the eyes of many people, self-confidence Wahid seems too excessive. He often asked their opinions and taking a controversial policy. Her vision is getting worse may also be used by the prompter in the vicinity. Gus Dur also often members of his cabinet by replacing arbitrary prerogative umbrella. These actions culminated in the replacement of ministers replacement Sukardi Admiral (PDIP-election winner in 1999) of State Owned Enterprises Ministry Position and Jusuf Kalla (Golkar, the second winner of the 1999 elections) from the position Minister of Industry, unbeknownst to Vice President Megawati and House of Representatives Speaker Akbar Tandjung.

House menginterplasi Gus Dur. Questioning the reasons for the dismissal of Admiral and Jusuf Kalla, who accused Wahid doing service learning. Allegation is not proved until the end of Gus Dur.

Since that time, Megawati began to clear at a distance from Gus Dur. Political support from the legislature to Gus Dur becomes very low. Wahid here seems negligent that in a democracy there can not be a president (executive) can lead without political support (which is represented in the legislature and the party).

Strangely, after that Gus Dur was even more loudly declare themselves have the support of the people. While most representatives in the Parliament and the Assembly continued to show a different attitude, no longer support Gus Dur.

Then Raise the head cases Buloggate and Bruneigate. Wahid's alleged involvement. This case led to the memorandum the House of Representatives. Memorandum II was ignored after Gus Dur, eventually the House asked the Assembly to hold a Special Session (SI) to hold the presidency.

Gus Dur to fight, action it deems the DPR and MPR violate the Constitution. He rejected the implementation of the SI-dissolve the Assembly and decreed the DPR and MPR. But Wahid's decree is not supported. Only the power of PKB and PDKB (Love the Nation Democratic Party) who provide support. In fact, since the decree, the Assembly to accelerate the implementation of the SI on July 23, 2001. Gus Dur, eventually lost his position as the fourth president after he refused to provide accountability in SI MPR. And Vice President Megawati, was appointed president on July 24, 2001.

After the SI-MPR, Wahid as Chairman of the Consultative Council PKB Matori Abdul Djalil also sacked from his post as Chairman of the PKB. This action then responded by holding a Conference PKB Matori who gave birth to the emergence of two stewardship of PKB, which was then popularly called PKB Stone Writing (led Matori) and PKB Brass (the leadership of Gus Dur-Alwi Sihab). Stewardship of this PKB twins should continue to trial despite ongoing efforts to reconcile as well.

Founding Fathers

After no longer served as president, Gus Dur's return to the original life. Although already a partisan, in his capacity as Chairman of the Board Consultative decelerator and PKB, he seeks re-emerged as the Father of the Nation. Like the figures before assuming the presidency.

Previously, Gus Dur is the Chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Indonesia's largest Islamic organization with members around 38 million people. But he was not a sectarian. He is a statesman. Not infrequently he is against anyone who even his own supporters mass in stating a truth. He was a prominent nationalist-minded Muslims.

Gus Dur often spoke out strongly against sectarian religious politics. Stance is often placed in difficult positions, against other Islamic leaders in Indonesia. Such as the establishment of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals Association (ICMI), which is chaired by President BJ Habibie, Gus Dur openly opposed. He calls the nation ICMI will cause problems later in life, which in less than ten years, it was the same statement can be proven true or not. Then, he founded the Forum for Democracy as a counterweight ICMI.

Although he recognized large part because of NU, his political vision is believed to be close associates as exceeding the organization's interests, sometimes even beyond the interests of Indonesia. This was reflected in his willingness to receive a position at Shimon Peres Peace Center, and when he proposed to establish relations with Israel.

In the Order, as Suharto's very powerful, Gus Dur, is known as one of the slippery character to master. Even Gus Dur can utilize the Family Sister Tutut Sandalwood with invites to visit the huts around the pesantren. Gus Dur also took some time to visit after the resignation of President Soeharto.

Wahid was born August 4, 1940 at Denanyar, Jombang, East Java, Indonesia's influential Muslim families. His father, Wahid Hasyim, is a former Minister of Religious Affairs in 1945. His grandfather, Hasyim Ashari, is one of the largest Muslim leaders at the turn of a century ago in 2000. Gus Dur to follow family tradition by studying in many pesantren. Wahid's name is taken from the tradition in the region, where locals call him a son from an elite family as 'Gus'.

He also briefly studied literature and social sciences at the Faculty of Letters, University of Baghdad, Iraq. Days of lectures with the emergence of the power of the Baath party, Saddam Hussein's socialist party, which attracted many followers. With this background, he also briefly rumored as a 'figure of smell left' during the New Order.

From Baghdad, he returned to Indonesia in 1974 and began a career as a 'scholar' by writing several columns in various national mass media. In the late 70s, the husband of Sinta Nuriyah, it has successfully established himself as one of the many scholars of Indonesia's most famous and best-selling also as a public speaker.

Names Wahid was elected as the more protruding after NU chairman, in Situbondo NU Congress in 1984. At that time the relationship was intimate with the government NU-mesranya. Although the next trip, Gus Dur is not always compromise with the government. For example, when the government plans to set up Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in the Muria, Gus Dur was against it. Similarly, when Habibie, ICMI established, entered into a fight with Gus Dur founded the Forum for Democracy.

Gus Dur was diligent criticism pertained to the government. Criticism for long lead Pak Harto uncomfortable. Peak occurs at NU in Cipasung Mukhtamar 1994. Wahid's government has tried to tackle. But Gus Dur and equipment selected for the second period. This was expressed from didn't wanna President Suharto received Gus Dur and other NU administrators.

One of the gait of the most prominent Wahid while leading NU, was when he brought it back to khittahnya organizations, out of practical politics in 1984. Although, in 1999, he also brought NU back into politics although in a different format because it is done through the formation of the PKB, the party which is always referred to as 'child of' NU.

It is also known as a defender of the true figure. Is it minority or majority. Defense to minority groups perceived as a courageous thing. This reputation is so prominent in the latter years of the New Order era. Once the prominence of this role so that he even accused more closely with minority groups rather than the Muslim majority community itself. Though he is a scholar who by some congregation even been regarded as a guardian.

In early 1998 he suffered a stroke. But team doctors managed to save him. However, as a result, his eyesight worsened. At the time he was sworn in as president, he has described the Western mass media as 'almost blind.' Besides being a stroke, his health problems allegedly caused by hereditary factor also caused a close blood relationship between the parents.

He is also a keen observer football power analysis. In fact, after his eyesight completely disrupted, the World Cup in June 2002 and then, he was still too excited to comment on the projected winner.

Besides being an idol for many people, Gus Dur also become an idol for the fourth daughter: Qortrunnada Munawarah Alisa (Lisa), Zannuba Arifah (Venny), Anisa Hayatunufus (nufus) and Inayah Wulandari (Ina). This is reflected in the recognition of his eldest daughter Lisa. Lisa said, the figure of NGO leaders Wahid declined him, declined to Venny columnist talent, his castrate on nufus and egalitarian nature of Ina.

Presidential Candidates

Chairman of the Board Suryo PKB, PKB nominated a presidential ticket with Marwah Daud Ibrahim as vice presidential candidate presidential election in 2004.

But this pair is not passed by the General Elections Commission (KPU) due to Gus Dur assessed do not meet the requirements of the spiritual and the physical ability to fulfill his duties as president, according to health inspection teams Indonesian Doctors Association. Due to the refusal Commission (22/05/2004) This, Wahid do various legal efforts, among others, sued the Commission in criminal and civil court to sue for loss of Rp 1 trillion, reported to Panwaslu, after a previous judicial review to the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court . He also will be determined outside the system if efforts are not successful candidacy.

His name was entered in the general election presidential nomination in 2004, as the only presidential candidates from the PKB. Mentioned that he still had the support of the Master. He himself confirmed this in his statement several times.

But some politicians and political observers expect, Gus Dur can optimize its role as one of the 'father of nation'.

By not running for president, he as the 'father of nation' plus a control holder (most influential) in the PSA, can provide a significant influence on the way democracy in this country. Political tricks that are often unexpected, expected to be highly influential on the national stage poltik.

Ad Stars Wiranto-Wahid

After not qualify to be presidential, he appeared as an ad-vice presidential partner Golkar Party Wiranto-Wahid Solahudin. According to Wiranto-Solahudin more electable than any other vice-presidential partner. He felt sure that Wiranto would uphold democracy in accordance with the speeches Wiranto. Semenatara Solahudin own biological sister is the person referred to escape the net because it proved the feasibility test before becoming Vice Chairman of National Human Rights Commission.

Gus Dur to be a star appearance Wiranto ads, it seems increasingly asserted its position that is often controversial. As if he did not remember the position of the Armed Forces Commander Wiranto as the time of the riots in May 1998 and Semanggi tragedy I and II. In this turmoil and tragedy, not a single military-police officers Terrace which claimed responsibility, both legally and morally.

Apparently Gus Dur is not affected to the many allegations of involvement Wiranto, former military chief and a former aide of President Soeharto, in a few cases of human rights abuses and riots in May 1998 and the deployment Pamswakarsa. While most people feel have not received any explanation from Wiranto responsible about the various cases.

Semenara it, Wiranto himself had sworn an oath to be elected by the people in his ads in the presidential election. Wiranto himself seems to not feel like a failure when it served as military chief when the country was hit by riots where very horrible.

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The Proclaimers

Mohammad Hatta

Mohammad Hatta was born on August 12, 1902 in Bukittinggi. In this lovely small town of Bung Hatta mother was raised in a family environment. His father, Haji Mohammad Djamil, died when eight months old Hatta. From his mother, Hatta had six sisters. He is the boys only.

Since sitting on MULO in the city of Padang, he has been interested in the movement. Since the year 1916, arising from youth associations, such as Jong Java, Jong Sumatranen Bond, Jong Minahasa. and Jong Ambon. Hatta went into clubs Jong Sumatranen Bond.

As treasurer Jong Sumatranen Bond, he realized the importance of financial sense for his club. But good financial resources from member contributions and donations from outside only if its members may well have a sense of responsibility and discipline. Sense of responsibility and discipline further characterize the properties of Mohammad Hatta.

The period of study in the Netherlands

In 1921 Hatta arrived in Holland to study at the Handels Hoge School in Rotterdam. He is registered as a member of the Indische Vereniging. In 1922, the association was renamed Indonesische Vereniging. Joiner who refuse to cooperate with the Dutch was then renamed again to the Association of Indonesia (PI).

Hatta also see to it that the magazine assembly, Poetra Indies, published on a regular basis as a basis antaranggota binding. In 1924 the magazine changed its name to Indonesia Merdeka.

Hatta passing examinations Handels Economie (economy trade) in 1923. Originally he intended to take the exam doctoral of science degree in economics at the end of 1925. Therefore, in 1924 he was active in the non-PI. But when it opened a new department, which is state law and administrative law. Hatta also entered the majors were encouraged by the great interest in politics.

Extension of his study plan that allows Hatta was elected Chairman of the PI on January 17, 1926. On that occasion, she said her inauguration speech, entitled "Wereldbouw Economische en Machtstegenstellingen" - World Economic Structure and the Conflicts of power. He tried to analyze the structure of world economy and based on it, pointing to a non-cooperative foundation of wisdom.

Since the year 1926 until 1930, successive Hatta was elected Chairman of the PI. Under his leadership, the PI developed from ordinary student associations into political organizations that influence the way people in Indonesian politics. So that finally recognized by the Association of Political Pemufakatan Indonesian Nationhood (PPPI) PI as outposts of the national movements in Europe.

PI doing active propaganda outside the Netherlands. Almost every international congress in Europe enter, and accept these associations. During that time, almost always Hatta himself who led the delegations.

In 1926, with the aim of introducing the name "Indonesia", Hatta, led a delegation to the Democratic Congress for Peace International in Bierville, France. Without much opposition, "Indonesia" was officially recognized by congress. The name "Indonesia" to mention the Dutch East Indies when it was really well known among international organizations.

Hatta, Indonesian nationalist movement had important experience in the League Against Imperialism and Colonial Oppression, an international congress held in Brussels on 10-15 February 1927. At this congress Hatta acquainted with the leaders of the movement of workers, such as G. Fimmen Ledebour and Edo, as well as figures who later became statesmen in Asia and Africa such as Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Hafiz Ramadan Bey (Egypt), and Senghor (Africa). His personal friendship with Nehru initiated since that time.

In 1927 also, Hatta and Nehru invited to give lectures for the "International Women's League for Peace and Freedom" in Gland, Switzerland. Hatta lecture title L 'Indonesie et son Probleme de I' Independence (Indonesia and the Problems of Independence).

Together with St. Nazir. Pamontjak, Sastroamijoyo, and Abdul Madjid Djojoadiningrat, Hatta was jailed for five and a half months. On March 22, 1928, the tribunal in The Hague court freed four of all charges. In a historic session, Hatta defense argued that amazing speech, which was later published as a brochure with the name "Indonesia vrij", and then translated into Indonesian as a book with a title of independent Indonesia.

Between the years 1930-1931, Hatta focus to his studies and writing articles for magazines and Daulat Ra'jat sometimes De Socialist. He planned to end his study in mid 1932.

Return to the Motherland

In July 1932, Hatta was successfully completed his studies in Holland and a month later he arrived in Jakarta. Between late 1932 and 1933, the main bustle of Hatta is written numerous articles and economic politics to Daulat Ra'jat and perform a variety of political activities, especially education of political cadres in the Party of National Education of Indonesia. The principle of non-cooperation is always emphasized to his cadres.

Hatta harsh reaction against Sukarno's attitude in relation to the holder by the Dutch colonial government, which ended with the removal of Sukarno to Ende, Flores, look at his writings in Daulat Ra'jat, entitled "Soekarno Arrested" (August 10, 1933), "Tragedy Sukarno "(30 November 1933), and" Attitude Leaders "(December 10, 1933).

In February 1934, after Sukarno exiled to Ende, the Dutch colonial government turned its attention to the Party of National Education of Indonesia. Party leaders of the Indonesian National Education was arrested and later exiled to Digoel. Totaling seven people. From the Jakarta office is Mohammad Hatta, Sutan Sjahrir, and Bondan. From offices in Bandung: Maskun Sumadiredja, Burhanuddin, delight, and Murwoto. Prior to Digoel, they were imprisoned for nearly a year in jail and Cipinang Glodok, Jakarta. In prison Glodok, Hatta wrote a book titled "The Economic Crisis and Capitalism."

The Exile

In January 1935, Hatta and his friends arrived in Tanah Merah, Digoel (Papua). Heads of government there, Captain van Langen, offers two options: working for the colonial government with a wage 40 cents a day in the hope that will be sent back to the area of origin, or be discarded by receiving food in kind, with no hope to be repatriated to the homeland . Hatta said, when he would work for the colonial government when he was still in Jakarta, would have become a great man with a big salary as well. So he's not necessary to Tanah Merah to become a coolie with a salary of 40 cents a day.

In exile, Hatta regularly writes articles for newspapers Landscape. Honorarium enough to live in Tanah Merah and he can also help his friends. Digoel filled his home in his books specially brought in from Jakarta, as many as 16 boxes. Thus, Hatta has enough material to give a lesson to his friends in exile about economics, history, and philosophy. Collection of materials that lesson later recorded with titles such as, "Introduction to the Science and the Way of Knowledge" and "Natural Greek Thought." (Four volumes).

In December 1935, Captain Wiarda, substitute van Langen, announced that the dump was moved to Hatta and Sjahrir Bandaneira. In January 1936 they went to Bandaneira. They met Dr. And Mr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo. Iwa Kusumasumantri. In Bandaneira, Hatta and Sjahrir can mingle freely with the locals and give lessons to local children in the fields of history, tatabuku, politics, and so on Iain.

Back to Java: The Japanese Occupation

On February 3, 1942, Hatta and Sjahrir brought to Sukabumi. On March 9, 1942, the Government of the Netherlands East Indies to the Japanese surrender, and on March 22, 1942, Hatta and Sjahrir taken to Jakarta.

During the Japanese occupation, Hatta asked to work together as an adviser. Hatta said about the ideals of the Indonesian nation to independence, and he asked if Japan will colonize Indonesia? Daily temporary head of government, Major-General Harada. replied that Japan would not invade. But Hatta know, that the independence of Indonesia in Japan is different from understanding its own terms. Recognition of Independence of Indonesia by Japan's need for Hatta as a weapon against the Allies in the future. When the Japanese fascists want to admit it, whether democratic allies who would not? That's why the Japanese always slot to give such recognition, the newly acquired in September 1944.

During the Japanese occupation period, Hatta did not talk much. But speech that is spoken in the Field Ikada (now Independence Square) on the date of December 8, 1942 appall many circles. He said, "Indonesia apart from the Dutch colonial imperialism. And therefore he did not want to be a colony again. Young and old is as sharp-sharp taste. For the youth of Indonesia, he  lover to see Indonesia sank into the ocean rather than have it as a colony of people back. "

Proclamation

In early August 1945, committee investigators Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence replaced by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, with Sukarno as Chairman and Mohammad Hatta as Vice Chairman. Its members consist of representatives of regions throughout Indonesia, Java and nine of twelve people from outside the island of Java.

On August 16, 1945 night, the Preparatory Committee to prepare the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in a meeting at the house of Admiral Maeda (JI Imam Bonjol, now), which ended at 3:00 am the next morning. Small committee consisting of five persons, namely Soekarno, Hatta, Soebardjo, Soekarni, and Sanam Malik broke away into a room to arrange the text of the proclamation of independence. Soekarno Hatta requested proclamation compile a concise text. Soekarno Hatta suggested that writing words that Learner After the work was completed. they took him to the living room, where other members waiting.

Soekarni suggested that the manuscript proclamation signed by two persons only, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta. All in attendance welcomed by boisterous applause.

Date August 17, 1945, Indonesia's independence was proclaimed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation, just at 10:00 AM at East 56th Street Pengangsaan Jakarta.

Dated August 18, 1945, Ir Soekarno was appointed as President of the Republic of Indonesia and Drs. Mohammad Hatta was appointed Deputy President of the Republic of Indonesia. Soekardjo Wijopranoto suggested that the President and Vice President must be a single duumvirate.

Maintaining the period of Indonesian Independence

Indonesia should retain its independence from the Dutch government efforts to colonize again. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia moved from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Twice negotiations with the Dutch produce Linggajati and Reville Agreement, but it always ended in failure due to cheating the Dutch.

To seek support from abroad, in July I947, Bung Hatta went to India to meet Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi. disguised as a co-pilot, named Abdullah (Biju Patnaik was the pilot who later became Minister of Steel India in the administration of Prime Minister Morarji Desai). Nehru promised, India can help Indonesia with a resolution to the UN protest and the Netherlands in order to be punished.

Difficulties and threats faced by turns. September 1948 PKI rebellion. December 19, 1948, the Dutch again launched a second aggression. President and Vice President captured and exiled to Bangka. But the struggle of the Indonesian people to defend the independence continue raging everywhere. Great Commander Soediman continue to lead the armed struggle.

On December 27, 1949 in The Hague, Bung Hatta, who chaired the Delegation of Indonesia in the Round Table Conference to receive the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty of Queen Juliana.

Bung Hatta was also a time Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia States stands. Furthermore, after the RIS to the Unitary State of Republic of Indonesia, Bung Hatta returned to the Vice President.

Year Period 1950-1956

During the Vice-President, Bung Hatta remain active giving lectures in various institutions of higher education. He also continued to write various essays and books on economic and scientific cooperation. He is also active in guiding the cooperative movement to implement the ideals in the conception of the economy. Dated July 12, 1951, Bung Hatta radio speech to welcome the Day of Cooperatives in Indonesia. Because much is Bung Hatta activities in the cooperative movement, on July 17, 1953 he was appointed as the Father of Indonesian Cooperative Cooperatives Congress on Indonesia in Bandung. Bung Hatta thoughts about cooperatives, among others, outlined in his book entitled Building a Cooperative and Cooperative Building (1971).

In 1955, Bung Hatta announced that if the Constituent parliament and the people's choice has been formed, he would resign as Vice President. His intention to resign was knows through a letter to the chairman of Parliament, Mr. Sartono. Copies of the letter sent to President Sukarno. After the Constituent Assembly was officially opened by the President, Vice-President Hatta told the Speaker of the Parliament that on l December 1956 he would put his position as Vice President of RI. President Sukarno tried to dissuade him, but remained on the establishment of Bung Hatta.

On date 27 November 1956, he received an honorary degree of Doctor Honors Causa academic in legal studies from the University of Gajah Mada in Yoyakarta. On that occasion, Bung Hatta inaugural speech, entitled "Past and Coming".

Bung Hatta After putting his position as Vice President of the Republic, also earned several academic degrees from various universities. Padjadjaran University in Bandung confirmed Bung Hatta as a political science professor in the economy. Hasanuddin University in Ujung Pandang to give the title of Doctor Honoris Causa in Economics. University of Indonesia provide a degree of Doctor Honor-is Causal in the field of legal science. Bung Hatta inaugural speech entitled "Towards the Rule of Law".

In 1960, Bung Hatta wrote "Democracy We" in the banner of People magazine. A famous for writing that highlight the views and thoughts of Bung Hatta on the development of democracy in Indonesia at that time.

During the New Order government, Bung Hatta is more of elder statesman for the nation rather than a politician.

Rahmi Hatta Rachim married on November l8 Megamendung 1945 in the village, Bogor, West Java. They have three daughters, namely Meutia Farida, Gemala Rabi'a, and Halide Nuriah. The two oldest daughters are married. The first was by Dr. Sri-Edi Swasono and the second with Drs. Mohammad Chalil Baridjambek. Hatta had witnessed the birth of two grandsons, namely Sri Juwita Hanum Baridjambek Swasono and Mohammad Athar.

On August 15, 1972, President Suharto told the Bung Hatta grace of the highest state of alert of Honor 'Star of the Republic of Indonesia Class I "in a state ceremony at the State Palace.

Bung Hatta, Proclaimers of Independence and the First Vice-President of the Republic of Indonesia, died on March 14, 1980 at Tjipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Dr., Singapore, at the age of 77 years and was interred in the Land TPU driver on March 15, 1980.

TokohIndonesia Dotcom (Encyclopedia of People of Indonesia), from the Tomb of Bung Hatta Books 1982 and variety of sources)

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The Civil Servants of the People

Mohammad Noer (1918-2010)

Governor of East Java (1967-1976) Mohammad Noer H Raden Panji, a civil servant of the people. Originator of the idea of development Suramadu Bridge (1950), that, until the age of 90 years, never stopped to think and work to improve people's welfare, making grassroots biso minggo kemuyu or (small man can prosper).

Men born in Sampang, January 13, 1918, only stopped after the Almighty called him home (died) at the age of 92 years in Singapore, Friday, April 16, 2010, at 8:50 pm. In the last seven months before his death, precisely since 21 September 2009, the former Ambassador to France Republic Indonesia, it has been treated in RS Darmo, Surabaya. According to his son, Prof. dr Sjaifuddin Noer, treated for up and down his health condition and died four days before his condition deteriorated.

M Noer survived by his wife (Mas Ayoe Rachma Sid), 8 children (4 Male & 4 Female), 21 grandchildren and six great-grandchildren. The bodies buried at the funeral home at the funeral home Anwari 11th Street, Surabaya, and buried in family cemetery in the village of Somor Kompah, Sampang regency, East Java, Saturday, 17 pril 2010, after Pray at Masjid Al Falah Surabaya, Bangkalan Great Mosque, and the Great Mosque Sampang, according to his will.

Abdi Rakyat

At the age of nearly 90 years, M. Noer never stopped to think and create. The main objective improving the welfare of the people through human resource education. Therefore, the goal of independence is to improve people's welfare, making grassroots biso minggo kemuyu or (small man can prosper).

Disaster after another. People scream on top of difficulties due to economic difficulties. This harsh reality reminds H. Mohammad Noer is titled Raden Panji on community poverty Madura in 1926. Long dry season in P. Madura takes place every year from July until October, scraping drought famine decades.

At that time, M. Noer is still sitting in class III, HIS, Sampang. The man who was born in Village Beler, Central Rong Village, a suburb of the town of Sampang, dated January 13, 1918, in a very young age (8 years), was stunned to see the procession of men and women berobor with heavy loads on shoulders and backs. They walk miles, through the dark night, heading south coast. The fact that it happened repeatedly, for him to be a mystery for five years.

One night, my curiosity M. Small Nur unstoppable again. In the dark night, he quietly stalking the convoy that stopped at the port of the Sampang's River. Under lighting torches snaking in the wind, they boarded the boat around in groups. Then a convoy of boats tossed the anchor, to develop the screen. The boats sailed further and further, until no longer visible. He harbored a mystery on their own, and want to find their own answers.

M. Noer find out five years later, after he was 13 years old. "Horsing poverty and the threat of starvation every dry season to encourage them to find a bite of rice on the land side." Exodus Madurese people at that time: from to Probolinggo Sampang or Pasuruan, from Bangkalan to Surabaya to Malang, from Pamekasan to Probolinggo, Jember and Lumajang, from Sumenep to Situbondo, Panarukan and Bondowoso, while the number of Madura, Central Kalimantan.

Childhood memories are embedded in the life of M. Noer. From here arises obsession for the prosperity of Madura. He wanted to explore the field of agriculture to improve the lot of Madurese people, whose land barren. (Mohammad Noer: Civil Serving Village).

M. Noer seventh son of 12 children and spouse Condropratikto Aria Raden Raden Ayu Siti Nursiah, both patrician Madura. M. Noer married Siti Mas Ayu Rachma, 1941. They had four daughters and four sons. Madura son was starting his career pangreh prajanya 1939, internship at the Office Sumenep, then graduated from MOSVIA Magelang. Since then up to become governor, M. Noer devoted himself as a civil service. He has been a member of the Assembly and the DPA. Year 1976-1980, M. Noer given the task became Ambassador in Prancsis.

Until old age, M. Noer never stopped to think and do to prosper, not just the people of Madura, but also the entire people of Indonesia. Therefore, the goal of independence is to improve people's welfare. As Chairman of the Regional Power, M. Noer, in an official forum in 1970, with a loud voice saying that the goal of independence: creating grassroots "minggo biso kemuyu or (small man can prosper).

M. Noer, from 1939 until 1980, became the man of the people. He has traveled the world, except Russia and South Africa, comparing other countries with Indonesia. The country is rich and large. On land, sea, it's all there. But, why are people poor? "This is what we do not really understand," said M. Noer in a speech welcoming party led Shaykh Al-Zaytun Panji Gumilang U.S., at Surabaya, Saturday (09/17/2005).

On that occasion, Shaykh M. Bannerman Gumilang lift Noer as a member of the Board of Curators University of Al-Zaytun which was inaugurated in August, 2005. M. Noer also a member of the Board of Curators various universities in Surabaya, such as Technology, ITS, Muhammadiyah, Bayangkara and UBN. Whereas high school level education only.

Although we consider the fact that very contradictory, M. Noer keep praying for the safety of the nation's leaders, both from the government or the community and the clergy so that they continue to do for the welfare of the people. This is his goal, starting from the village head in Sampang to become Governor of East Java and Indonesia's Ambassador in France. Served four years there, he worked hard to improve relations between Indonesia and France in order to improve the welfare of Indonesian people.

M. Noer was determined to get their knowledge, grateful and blessed with longevity health. "For longevity, but not healthy no meaning. The important thing is longevity, healthy and useful. For what? Yes, to family, community, nation and state," said M. Noer to TokohIndonesia.com.

People Always Near

When appointed Governor of East Java (1967-1976), M. Noer during the 20 day stay in the villages, only 10 days his office, to see how the people. "I am orientated to the village because I was the man of the people," said M. Noer to Indonesian News.

He was always close to people because they want to know what they feel, and what deficiencies, needs, concerns and desires. Maybe they still have an illiterate, but not blind to the liver. M. Noer aware that as a governor or the head region of a career as a civil service, remains a man of the people.

He can not just govern from his office, but during the 20 day stay in the villages, traveling from one district to another. "I superiority poor villages," said M. Noer in a conversation with a reporter TokohIndonesia.com in Surabaya on Saturday (09/17/2005).

What he saw, were carried out with the correct mechanism through the ways of administration and bureaucracy. He told the officials in the neighborhood about the things that need to be implemented.

Whenever there was a report, he immediately did a check and ricek, whether the orders or instructions, executed or not, by the executor under. M. Noer has a special team that will do the checking. Therefore, he emphasizes honesty to his subordinates, not to deceive and ignore the interests of the people.

Village-Town Without Differences

When sitting in the chair of governors, M. Noer to perform his duties with an honest, earnest and disciplined. He even noticed the fence home every citizen. That way everybody knows its limits. Wisdom makes fence was done consequently. Citizens who are unable to be assisted. At that time, if people come to Jakarta, East Java, after entering the fenced Ngawi find a house, means he has signed in Java.

Said M. Noer, should prevent the development between rural and urban differences. Communities must be encouraged to participate equally, both in rural and urban building. if there until fourth grade elementary school but only have room three classes, then the community should be invited to participate to build an additional classroom, even for the procurement of teachers.

M. Noer proud of his province for the first time awarded Prasamya Karya Nugraha. This area is considered successful in promoting economic, not merely the result of the governor's accomplishments, but also its people.

He compared the state of reform since 1998. The leaders of mocking each other. Even more widespread corruption. Said M. Noer, at Surabaya, there are 30 members of parliament, there is obtained a lease instead of Rp 5 million per month per person. Then the money came from where, "not from people's taxes. Why do so. We must return to morals. "

"I will not have to say such and such. Ask God, let there be honesty in the leadership level to enhance the welfare of the people, "said M. Noer. It's a moral issue, and to improve it should be through prayer and for calling to bring the leaders.

Education always come first

M. Noer education always come first. When it became regent, he conducted programs Three-P. Education towards monotheism. Belief in God, and transportation. With education, people become literate in order to read and intelligent. If someone has faith in him is expected to net him. And communications mean that there is no more remote areas, so should be made of the road.

According to M. Noer who is now a member of the Board of Education, the educational responsibilities of the three elements; government, community and parents. Do not forever rely on the government. Communities and parents must participate.

He saw in Indonesia, education has been running good, expect it really became the capital in the future. Said, the internationally him there. M. Noer each came to the village always pay attention to education issues, listen to public complaints and the local government.

He gave an example at once expressed admiration at the Islamic educational institutions Ma'had Al-Shaykh led Zaytun Panji Gumilang U.S.. Al-Zaytun covers such a vast, ranging from education to the needs of food, everything is available there. "This should be an example. And they do not use state money, "said M. Noer.

M. Nur himself has a foundation of education, sent 30 kids on scholarship for two semesters of education in the Polytechnics (D-4) ITS. In the second semester, the scholarship of Rp 150 million. It is paid by the foundation's M. Noer, and the managers agree. After two and half received no response, either from the governor and the regents. But his friend from Bali to give assistance to one semester. And the governor will give help on semesetr fourth. "This means that people not only be a spectator Madura," said M. Noer.

M. Noer Indonesia does not want to rely on other parties. Therefore, human resources (HR) must be improved. Indonesia is very rich. Gas, oil and coal are exploited and treated by strangers. Said M. Noer, when their capacity has been enabled, then all of Indonesia's natural wealth dug and carried herself. Now, oil drilling done by people who paid $ 2,000 Filipino dollars a month. Said M. Noer, Indonesia should be able to educate and employ his own people.

Ideas Bridge Suramadu

In 1950, Patih (Vice Regent) Bangkalan, M. Noer sparked the idea Suramadu bridge construction. At that time, the idea was considered by many people very obsessive. He was very obsessed with Suramadu bridge construction. Background, when served Patih (Vice Regent) Bangkalan year 1950, there was cooperation between the Regents Bangkalan and Mayor of Surabaya. M. Noer became secretary. Then after taking office the governor, M. Noer be president. At that time, M. Noer had imagined would be the occurrence of congestion in Surabaya.

He got the idea to Kamal at the end of Bangkalan become satellite cities of Surabaya. But the relationship of Surabaya-Kamal was monopolized by PJKA. PJKA controlled sea transportation. From there Ujung Kamal bus and ferry services. It was the port of Ujung Kamal was only allowed to be used by the Navy from 6:00 until 18:00 o'clock.

As governor, M. Noer change the port, not on the Edge, but in Perak to be open 24 hours. PJKA monopoly-even removed, open to all carriers. But it was still not satisfactory. So he got the idea to build a bridge to connect Surabaya with Madura. He once stated that he would swim across the Strait of Madura if the bridge not being built.

Later, this idea was embodied by President Megawati Sukarnoputri by Presidential Decree No. 79 of 2003 on the Surabaya-Madura Bridge Construction. Megawati stick pile on August 20, 2003.

Along the 5.4 kilometer bridge was inaugurated by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, June 10, 2009.

Previously, M. TokohIndonesia.com Noer to talk about development plans of Surabaya-Madura bridge, which had Say wore to the Governor of East Java and the Regents. He saw there were two questions. (1) Executing the construction work should be tendered internationally and open. Consultants must know the technical and financial problems. (2) If Suramadu bridge is completed, the highway will be constrained. In Madura, there will be industrial park and airport, of course, requires trained personnel.

M. Want to see the wealth of Indonesia Noer counterbalanced by the HR-capable, through education. Thus, natural resources (SDA) is not exploited by foreigners, but by his own power. He wants development relies not only on land, but the sea also shall take precedence. How many tons of fish, and how many trillions of rupiah others dredged from the sea of Indonesia. "Anyway, our country's rich," said M. Noer in a tone that was always optimistic.

TokohIndonesia Dotcom (Encyclopedia of People of Indonesia)

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People's First Presidential options

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Here it is the President of the Republic of Indonesia's first direct result of people's choices. Academy graduates (1973), which is familiarly called SBY and nicknamed 'General Thinking', this attractive calm, dignified and meaningful and systematic spoken. He absorbed the aspirations and conscience of the people who want change are the key to his victory in the presidential election second round 20 September 2004.

Paired with Muhammad Jusuf Kalla as Vice President, alloy adumbrate offers courses providing security, justice and prosperity to the people. The pair won a majority of Indonesian people (count while 61 percent), ahead of Megawati Sukarnoputri couples - KH Hasyim Muzadi.

Enampilan popularity with a calm and dignified and meaningful words said and systematic SBY has led to the top position of national leadership. Start prominent public appearances since served as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces Territorial (1998-1999) and the flying while serving as Minister Polsoskam (Government of President KH Abdurrahman Wahid) and the Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs (Government of President Megawati Sukarnopotri).

When reform began to roll, SBY still serves the caster of the Armed Forces. At the beginning of reform, the TNI is blasphemed the finish. At that time, the figure of SBY increasingly prominent as a general who Thinking. He understands that developed in the public mind and not blindly defend the institution. "Blasphemy against the TNI in my opinion could not be separated from the format of the New Order's political and military role of the time," he said. So, People of Indonesia Dotcom dubbed as the 'pearl in the mud'.

Many people are becoming interested in the military figure this one. At the time of military institutions and personnel-military personnel hated and cursed, the figure actually sticking out like a grain of SBY jewel in the mud. (Similar to the experience of General Suharto, when six Army generals were kidnapped in the incident G-30-S/PKI, 'the smiling General of' was successfully performed as a 'rescue the country' and led the republic for 32 years. Sweetheart, then this five-star general trapped in a feudal culture and militaristic leadership. Experience this Soeharto, would be useful as a teacher is best for the national leaders of this country).

Best Graduates

Who Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who managed to reach the conscience of people's vote choice in the era of reform and democratization?

Retired four-star general, was a handsome and intelligent, this is the only child of the couple R. Soekotji and Sitti Habibah. Decreased from the warrior blood of his father R. Soekotji who retired as a First Lieutenant (Peltu). While his mother, Sitti Habibah, daughter of one of the founders Ponpes Tremas, pushing it to be a devout follower of Islam. In her soul flowed thick military religious.

In addition, the best graduates of Military Academy (Akmil) force in 1973, it also has a line of blue blood, as a descendant of Javanese royalty that flows from two directions and culminate in the Majapahit and Sultan Hamengkubuwono II. Paternal grandfather, named R. Badjuri priest, was the son of the marriage Kasanpuro (Naib Arjosari II - blue blood Majapahit) and RM Kustilah (as a derivative of the five breeds Sultan Hamengkubuwono II RA Srenggono real name). Even in the complete pedigree, Yudhoyono also has lineage from Pakubuwono.

Although SBY was an only child, he lived with the concern and hard work. At schools in the People's School Gadjahmada (now SDN Baleharjo I), SBY to live with his uncle, Sasto Suyitno, when the village headman Ploso, Pacitan. When the SR has been prominent achievements.

In the process of disciplined hard parenting, childhood and adolescence, SBY is also refining and distributing talent as a writer of poetry, short stories, plays and players band players.

Strapping men who have heights of about 175 cm, birth Pacitan, East Java, September 9, 1949, was pleased to take part in arts such as painting, playing a role in the theater and puppet people. Several works of poetry and short stories could be sent to a children's magazine at the time, for example to Kuncung Magazine. While the band still playing activities carried out up to level one Army Academy as the holder of the bass guitar. Occasionally also writes poetry.

In addition to art, he also liked the world of sports like volleyball, she was happy traveling, whether on foot, cycling or riding. While the martial sports are still actively carried out.

His determination to become soldiers thickens when the class V SR (1961) visited the campus of Valley Tidar AMN in Magelang.

"I'm interested in figures Valor AMN cadets who walked and marched straight time. When the tour group stopped to Yogyakarta, I was a time to buy a sword, because in my shadow, soldiers were carrying swords and guns," recalled SBY.

Inheriting his father's attitude is disciplined hard, SBY is struggling to realize the ideals of her childhood into the army to enter the Indonesian Armed Forces Academy (Academy) after graduating high school end of year 1968. However, owing to late register, enter the indirect SBY Academy. So she had been a student of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering 10 November Surabaya (ITS).

But then, instead choosing SBY entry Junior School Teacher Education (PGSLP) in Malang, East Java. While studying in Malang PGSLP, he is prepared to enter the Academy.

Year 1970, he went Academy in Magelang, Central Java, after passing the exam in Bandung final acceptance. SBY one armed with Agus Wirahadikusumah, Ryamizard Ryacudu, and Prabowo Subianto. During his education, who got the nickname SBY Giraffe, very prominent. Evidently, he won the title with the 1973 Academy graduates awarded badges Makasaya Adhi.

When was educated at the Military Academy, it became acquainted with Christian SBY Herawati, daughter of Sarwo Edhie. At that time, Maj. Gen. Sarwo Edhi Wibowo, served as governor Academy. Induction occurs when SBY served as Division Commander of the Corps of Cadets.

It continues with the introduction of dating, engagement and wedding. They are endowed with two sons, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (follow and match the tracks and the achievement of SBY, graduated from Akmil year 2000 with the award-winning Star Adhi Makayasa) and Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (best graduates SMA Taruna Nusantara, Magelang and then pursue economics).

Military education continued at the Airborne and Ranger Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA (1976), Infantry Officer Advanced Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA (1982-1983) by receiving honoraria graduate, Jungle Warfare Training in Panama (1983), Anti Tank Weapon Course in Belgium and Germany (1984), Battalion Commander Course in Bandung (1985), courses there in Bandung (1988-1989) and Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA (1990-1991). Obtained an MA degree from Webster University in the U.S..

Military Career

In his career, was idolized SBY Sarwo Edhi who is none other than his own father-in-law. In his view, Sarwo Edhi is a true warrior. Soul and logic His milliliter very strong. In addition to learning strategies, tactics and military leadership, in-law was very simple in life and holding firm in the principles that are believed.

Travel in his military career, beginning with the took office as the 330th Airborne And Tonpan Yonif Kostrad (Platoon Commander III Rifle Company A, Battalion Airborne Infantry 330/Tri Dharma, Kostrad) in 1974-1976, directly supervises approximately 30 soldiers.

330 Airborne Battalion is one of the three battalions in the 17th Airborne Infantry Brigade Kujang I / Army Strategic Reserve Command, which has a good name in various military operations. It is the third battalion of the Airborne Infantry Battalion 330/Tri Dharma, 328/Dirgahayu Airborne Infantry Battalion and the Airborne Infantry Battalion 305/Tengkorak.

SBY, as a platoon commander, diligently practicing with his men so that the platoon is often a mainstay for any activity of Company A in-company training with other companies in the battalion level. In addition, he also got an additional task tutor general knowledge and English language for all members of the battalion.

English fluency, education follow him elected airborne (airborne) and education commandos (ranger) at the Army Education Center United States, Ford Genning, Georgia, 1975.

Then, after their return to homeland, he had served as Platoon Commander of A Company Second Battalion of Airborne 305/Tengkorak (And Tonpan Yonif 305 Kostrad) in 1976-1977. He also led the platoon was fighting in East Timor.

Coming home from East Timor, he became Commander of 81 Platoon mortar Yonif Airborne Kostrad 330 (1977). After that, he was placed as 17th Airborne Mabrigif Pasi-2/Ops Kujang I Kostrad (1977-1978), 330th Airborne And Kipan Yonif Kostrad (1979-1981), and Paban SOPS SUAD Young (1981-1982).

When serving in the Army Headquarters, the school had the opportunity SBY back to the United States. From 1982 to 1983, he followed the Infantry Officer Advanced Course, Fort Genning, USA, from 1982 to 1983 as well as working practices-On-the-job-training in the 82 nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg, USA, 1983. Then follow the Jungle Warfare School in Panama, in 1983 and anti-tank Weapon Course in Belgium and Germany, in 1984, and Battalion Command Course, 1985. At the same time he served as commander of the Infantry Training School (1983-1985)

Then he believed served And Yonif 744 Dam IX (1986-1988) and Paban Madyalat SOPS Dam IX (1988), before attending education at Command and Staff College Army (courses there) in Bandung and out as the best graduate courses there 1989.

He also had a Lecturer courses there (1989-1992), and placed in the Information Office of the Army (Dispenad) with tasks such as making speeches Army Chief of Staff General Edi Sudradjat. Then when Edi Sudradjat appointed Commander of the Armed Forces, he was drawn to the Headquarters of the Armed Forces to become the Coordinator of Staff Person (Korspri) Armed Forces Commander General Edi Sudradjat (1993).

Then, he returned to duty in combat units, was appointed Commander of the Airborne Infantry Brigade (And Brigif Airborne) 17 Kujang I / Army Strategic Reserve Command (1993-1994) along with Lt. Col. Riyamizard Ryacudu. Then served Asops Kodam Jaya (1994-1995) and Danrem 072/Pamungkas Kodam IV / Diponegoro (1995).

Shortly thereafter, he believed served to Bosnia and Herzegovina to become an officer in the UN (1995). He served as Head of UN Military Observers (Chief Military Observer United Nations Protection Force) is charged with overseeing the ceasefire in the former Yugoslavia under the Dayton agreement, the United States between Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia Herzegovina.

After returning from Bosnia, he was appointed Chief of Staff Kodam Jaya (1996), only about five months. At that time Jaya, Aceh military commander Maj. Gen. Sutiyoso held, which replaces Maj. Gen. Wiranto, who was appointed Commander of the Army Strategic Reserve Command. While serving as Kasdam Jaya, July 27, 1996 events, which dragged his name to any disclosure of a witness in the case.

Later he served as Commander II / Sriwijaya (1996-1997) as well as Chairman and Chairman of the Armed Forces faction Bakorstanasda Assembly (MPR Special Session in 1998) before becoming Chief of Staff of the Territorial (caster) Armed Forces (1998-1999). Prominent public appearances began while serving as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces Territorial.

In this period of reform of the Armed Forces serving caster starts scrolling. TNI condemned to death. At that time, the figure of SBY increasingly prominent as a general who Thinking. He understands that developed in the public mind and not blindly defend the institution. He also played a lot in an effort to reposition the role of the TNI (armed forces). Rafermasi TNI started in this period.

Political Career

Meanwhile, a move his political career began on January 27, 2000, when deciding to retire early from the military when it is believed served as Minister of Mines and Energy in the government of President KH Abdurrahman Wahid. When he was a lieutenant-general and eventually retired with the honorary rank of general.

Shortly thereafter, Yudhoyono was forced to leave his position as Gus Dur Mentamben since served Menkopolsoskam asked to replace General Wiranto, who was forced to resign as Menkopolsoskam.

Growing in popularity while serving as Minister Polsoskam fluttering (Government of President KH Abdurrahman Wahid) and the Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs (Government of President Megawati Sukarnopotri).

Coordinating Minister for Politics and Security as the toughest task is to restore public confidence and security in the world that Indonesia can be realized. Safety factor is often used as a foreign investor to cancel investment plans in Indonesia. While from within the country, communities often are concerned with various disorders such as terrorist bombs that frequently occur.

Another problem is, efforts to halt fighting in the conflict area, which is slowly showing progress. However, because of the large problems, the success of their duties are often not taken seriously. Still a lot of big jobs waiting to be resolved.

Facing a tough task, turned out to be a part of history that SBY life before becoming a minister had predicted would become the number one man in a military environment. When President KH Abdurrahman Wahid to power, he was given the task of lobbying the family of former President Suharto. Persuasive intent step is doing is so willing to give a portion of sandalwood family wealth to the people and nation. Especially to bring home the Suharto family fortune is estimated to remain stored in foreign countries. Yet at that time the community was waiting with a thorough trial results is the strong man of the New Order.

President Wahid in early 2001 had asked him to form a Crisis Centre. In this nonstructural institute President Wahid asked Yudhoyono served as Chief Executive and the central place of information or activity (operations center) in the office of the Coordinating Polsoskam. These new institutions function to provide recommendations to President Wahid in response to various problems. Including Heads of State in responding to the attitude of the two memoranda by the Parliament.

The story of when he served as Minister Polsoskam (Government of President KH Abdurrahman Wahid) to carve its own story.

Despite repeatedly receive the trust does not mean Yudhoyono 'softening' in the face of President Wahid. When there was news of President Wahid issued a decree will insist on the dissolution of Parliament, then, together with the Armed Forces Commander Admiral Widodo AS and other ranks of military officers, he asked Gus Dur's the idea.

Peak, on May 28, 2001, together with some ministers did not recommend a plan of President Abdurrahman Wahid issued a presidential decree. Not even prepared to implement the President's intimation assign him as Menkopolsoskam to take the steps necessary to overcome the crisis, maintain security, order and law.

As a result he was dismissed from his position with respect Menkopolsoskam on June 1, 2001, because they rejected the plan the President issued a decree. When he was offered the position of Minister of Transportation or the Minister of Home Affairs, but declined.

Then at the Special Session of the MPR-RI, July 25, 2001, he was nominated fight over the vacant position of Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri after elected as president. He competes with Hamzah Haz and Akbar Tandjung.

On August 10, 2001, President Megawati's trust and became the Coordinating Minister for Politics and Security Cabinet true job Mutual-Aid. He even seemed to run fine job. One of the execution of his duty was to announce the implementation of martial law in Aceh on May 19, 2003, as well as conflict resolution process in Ambon and Poso.

It's very profitable SBY get already a run to win the presidency. Then his popularity rapidly escalated. The first time he entered the presidential candidates exchange, when the Indonesian Justice and Unity Party candidate cuddle became one of the presidential and vice presidential candidates. Later, Democrats who fact and founded with some colleagues call it a candidate for president, not vice-presidential candidate.

Then the peacefulness of the ad appeared in various television stations. He also answered questions from journalists who asked him about not involved in some activities related to the cabinet of political and security issues. Then, President Megawati's husband Taufik Kiemas called childish because it is considered to journalists not to report to the president (03/01/2004). He was lucky because the press and some analysts to build an opinion that he is being oppressed by Taufik Kiemas, Megawati's husband.

In the meantime, two coordination meetings of the Political and Security Affairs field not completed because of the absence of the ministers concerned. Apparently the ministers concerned were no longer trusted and obeyed. Then on March 9, 2004, he wrote to President Megawati to question authority as well ask for time to meet. However, the President did not answer the letter. State Secretary Bambang Kusowo to the press saying should not be a minister (assistant of the President) should draft a letter asking to meet with the president. He also invited ministers meeting Comes limited. But he did not come.

He felt his letter was not addressed. Then on March 11, 2004, he chose to resign from the office of Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs felt their authority as has been taken over by President Megawati Sukarnoputri. In that situation, M. Jusuf Kalla, Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare who served, to see him. Then, at night, in a hotel, he met Abdurrahman Wahid who was rumored to have since some time rocking a candidate for president of CLA.

General of the sympathetic, handsome, easy smile and engaging a lot of women, when announcing his resignation request, saying "In accordance with my political rights, if later in time, there is a political party, say Democrats and other parties with a combined propose me as a candidate for president , God willing, I will. "

Decision resignation assessed various parties a decision that was elegant. In the course of his career, Yudhoyono, who had always wanted to look elegant in both speaking and behaving. The attitude was evident in several important events which directly involve in-law General (Red) Sarwo Edhi Wibowo it.

Step resignation is considered many parties make it more flexibility to run the political rights that would drive her to chair a national leadership summit. Dotson Indonesian Leaders Polling place as vice presidential candidate most peaks.

Duumvirate SBY-JK

The process of impressing his resignation due to excluded in Megawati's cabinet has raised the popularity. Popularity increasingly prominent. He is lucky to have a political popularity politic the winner other leaders who ask for her hand as a candidate just before the Vice President. Its popularity has been boosted Democratic votes in legislative elections in 2004 which ranked fifth, and drove him into the presidential candidate.

Shortly after the April 2004 legislative election, Yudhoyono had formally requested a willingness M. Jusuf Kalla with him as a candidate for President and Vice-Presidential Candidate. This ideal match Democratic nomination, PKPI and the United Nations.

In the first round of the presidential election July 5, 2004, the pair of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Jusuf Kalla was obtained 39,838,184 votes (33.574 percent) followed by pair of Megawati-Hasyim Muzadi 31,569,104 votes (26.60 percent). Both couples had advanced to the second stage of the Presidential Election 20 September 2004.

While the votes of three other vice-presidential partner that is in the order of three Wiranto-Salahuddin Wahid won 26,286,788 votes (22.154%), the sequence of four Amien Rais-Siswono Yudo Husodo 17,392,931 votes (14.658%), and Hamzah Haz-five sequence Agum Gumelar 3,569,861 votes (3.009%).

In the rules for presidential elections in the first round is set if no pair of presidential-vice presidential candidate won 50% + 1n with at least 20 percent of votes in each province and spread over half the provinces in Indonesia, the highest vote-winning first and second set to advance to the second round presidential election.

The result of the vote counting recapitulation of the 32 provinces plus the results of elections in foreign countries, the number of voters using voting rights 121 293 844 people, or 78.22 percent of registered voters 155 048 803, lower than the 84.07 percent of the legislative elections.

Yudhoyono-Jusuf pairs victory in 17 provinces, including overseas. The pair of Megawati-Hasyim outperformed other candidates in six provinces. The pair Wiranto-Salahuddin Wahid's victory in seven provinces. The pair of Amien Rais-Siswono Yudo Husodo victory in the two provinces. The pair of Hamzah Haz-Agum Gumelar not won in a single province.

Then in the second presidential election 20 September 2004 His Child, SBY-JK win the trust of the people of Indonesia with the acquisition of a majority of votes in the Attas 60 percent, outperformed the Mega-Hasyim pair who won less than 40 percent of the vote.

Living in the Palace

Answering questions from journalists (09/24/2004), will stay where after inaugurated as president, Yudhoyono said: "Palace. I chose to live there after being inaugurated." The options and their families to stay at the State Palace is based on reason would be more efficient and effective for the implementation of his duties as head of state and head of government.

According to him, the court will facilitate the arrangement of activities. Will not impede traffic too, the security would be easier, guests will easily setting up and His Surveys, and for the sake of saving as well. "If I live outside the palace, must have required the construction of a facility that was not really necessary if I lived in the palace," he said.

TokohIndonesia Dotcom (Encyclopedia of People of Indonesia)

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