KH Ahmad Dahlan (1868-1923)
Ahmad Dahlan (Muhammad Darwisy small named), is a pioneer and the father of the Islamic renewal. Kyai Haji was born in Yogyakarta, August 1, 1868, this is what the Muhammadiyah organization founded on November 18, 1912. Indonesia National Heroes died at the age of 54 years in Yogyakarta, February 23, 1923.
KH Ahmad Dahlan Muhammadiyah organization established to implement the ideals of the renewal of Islam in the archipelago. He wanted to make a renewal in the way of thinking and work according to Islamic religious guidance. He would like to invite Indonesian Muslims to return to live according to the guidance of the Qur'an and al-Hadith. He established the Muhammadiyah not as a political organization but as a social community and religious organizations engaged in education.
At the time of Ahmad Dahlan threw the idea of establishment of the Muhammadiyah, he got a challenge even slander, accusations and incitement either from a close family member or from the surrounding community. He allegedly wanted to establish a new religion that violates the Islamic religion. There are scholars who accused him of false, because it is imitating a Christian of the Dutch nation and various other charges. There's even people who want to kill him. But the obstacles are faced with a patient. Firmness his heart to continue the ideals and struggles of Islamic renewal in this country can overcome all these obstacles. 1)
For services KH Ahmad Dahlan in raising awareness of this nation through the Islamic renewal and education, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia designated as a National Hero by Presidential Decree no. 657 in 1961. Stipulating as a National Hero was based on four important points: the First, KH Ahmad Dahlan has pioneered the rise of the Islamic Ummah to realize his destiny as a colonized people who still have to learn and do.
Second, with the establishment of the Muhammadiyah organization, has a lot to give the pure teachings of Islam to his people. Subjects who demanded progress, intelligence, and do good for society and ummah, on the basis of faith and Islam. Third, with his organization, Muhammadiyah has pioneered social enterprise and education charity which is essential for the revival and advancement of the nation, with the spirit of Islamic teachings. Fourth, with his organization, the Muhammadiyah women (Aisyiyah) has pioneered the rise of Indonesian women to taste education.
Appointment of Local Schools
Darwisy Muhammad was born from a pioneer family of scholars and the spread and development of Islam in this country. His father, KH Abu Bakr was a leading scholar and preacher at the Great Mosque of Yogyakarta Sultanate, and his mother, Nyai Abu Bakr is the daughter of H. Ibrahim, who also serves Yogyakarta Sultanate rulers at that time.
He was the fourth child of seven brothers, five sisters of women and two men that he himself and his youngest brother. In genealogy, it includes the descendants of the twelfth of Maulana Malik Ibrahim, a mayor of a large and prominent among the Wali Songo, which is the first pioneers of the spread and development of Islam in Java (Kutojo and Safwan, 1991). 2) Idem
The full pedigree is Darwisy Muhammad (Ahmad Dahlan) KH Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Sulaiman ibn KH Murtadla chaplain chaplain Ilyas bin bin bin Kapindo Djuru Djurung Demat Demat Djurung Djuru Sapisan Maulana Sulaiman bin Ki Ageng Gribig (Djatinom), son of Maulana Muhammad Fadlul'llah (Prapen ), son of Maulana 'Ainul Yaqin, son of Maulana Ishaq, the son of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (Jonah Greetings, 1968: 6).
Muhammad Darwisy nurtured since childhood in boarding school environment, which membekalinya knowledge of religion and Arabic. At the age of 15 years (1883), he's pilgrimage, which was then followed by studying religion and Arabic in Makkah for five years. He grew even more intense interaction with the ideas of reformers within the Islamic world, such as Muhammad Abduh, al-Afghani, Rashid Rida, and Ibn Taymiyyah. Interaction with Islamic figures were very influential reformer in spirit, soul and mind Darwisy.
Spirit, soul and ideas that further the accomplishment by displaying the same pattern through Muhammadiyah religious. Aiming to renew religious understanding (to the Islamization) in most of the Islamic world at that time still be orthodox (archaic). Ahmad Dahlan looking at properties that will lead to freezing of orthodox Islamic teachings, as well as stagnation and decadence (retardation), the Islamic ummah. So he looked, the static religious understanding should be modified and updated, with a purification movement or purification of Islam by returning to the teachings of the Koran and al-Hadith.
After five years studying in Mecca, in the year 1888, when aged 20 years, Darwisy returned to his village. He also changed the name to Ahmad Dahlan. Then, he was appointed preacher in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta amen.
In 1902, he pilgrimage for the second time, while continuing to deepen their religious knowledge to a few teachers in Makkah until the year 1904.
Coming home from Mecca, he married Siti Walidah, his own cousin, son of Kyai Haji Fadhil prince. Siti Walidah, later better known by the name of Nyai Ahmad Dahlan, a founder of the National Leaders Aisyiyah. The couple had six children namely Djohanah, Siradj Dahlan, Siti Busyro, Irfan Dahlan, Siti Aisyah, Siti Zaharah (Kutojo and Safwan, 1991).
In addition, KH. Ahmad Dahlan Nyai Abdullah had also married the widow of H. Abdullah. He also never married Nyai Rum, brother of Kyai Munawwir Krapyak. KH. Ahmad Dahlan also has a son from his marriage to Aisha's mother Nyai (Adjengan prince's brother) named Dandanah Cianjur. He has also married to Yasin Pakualaman Nyai Yogyakarta (Jonah Greetings, 1968: 9).
Established Muhammadiyah
Spirit, soul and thoughts of a reformer in the Muslim world, it received from Muhammad 'Abduh, al-Afghani, Rashid Rida, Ibn Taymiyyah and others during the learning of Mecca (1883-1888 and 1902-1904), then the accomplishment by displaying the same religious hue through Muhammadiyah. Aiming to renewed understanding of religion (to the Islamization) in most of the Islamic world at that time still be orthodox (archaic).
Ahmad Dahlan looking at properties that will lead to freezing of orthodox Islamic teachings, as well as stagnation and decadence (retardation), the Islamic ummah. So he looked, the static religious understanding should be modified and updated, with a purification movement or purification of Islam by returning to the teachings of the Koran and al-Hadith.
Dahlan himself realized that spirit reforms will not necessarily be understood and accepted by families and communities. Not easy to do The New on an orthodoxy that has been frozen. So, whether related or not, there is an advice that he wrote in Arabic for himself.
It reads thus: "O Dahlan, was in front of you there is great danger and events that will surprise you, that you shall surely pass. Maybe you could pass through safely, but also perhaps you will perish by it. O Dahlan, try as you imagine if you are alone with God, while you face death, the courts, reckoning, heaven, and hell. And from all that you face it, ponder the closest to you, and leave the other (translated by Djarnawi Hadikusumo).
In an article on the history of the official site of Ahmad Dahlan Parsyarikatan Muhammadiyah (muhammadiyah.or.id), this message is implying a great spirit about the life hereafter. And to achieve a good afterlife, then Dahlan think that everyone should find food for the afterlife with emphasis on worship, good works, broadcast and defend the religion of Allah, and lead the Ummah to the right path and guide them on the charity and the struggle to uphold sentence God.
Thus, to search for supplies to reach a good afterlife must have a collective consciousness, which means that efforts must be invoked (da'wah) to the whole human race through systematic efforts and the collective.
Described in the article, such awareness that is causing setbacks Dahlan feels strongly Muslims in the homeland. This is bothering him. He felt a responsibility to build, mobilize and promote them. Dahlan did not realize that liability may be carried out alone, but must be implemented by a few people who managed carefully. Cooperation between several people it is not possible without the organization. Joiner, parsyarikatan and missionary movement: the Muhammadiyah.
Dahlan also chose a very good strategy to first develop the young generation to participate jointly implement these propaganda efforts, while continuing to promote ideals of this nation. Moreover, he had the opportunity to accelerate and expand the idea of the Muhammadiyah movement's mission to educate the civil service candidates (candidates) who studied at OSVIA Magelang and prospective teachers who studied in Kweekschool Jetis Yogyakarta. Because, he himself was allowed by the colonial government to teach Islam in these two schools.
Of course, the civil service candidates can be expected mengaselerasi and extend these ideas, because they will be people who have a broad influence in society. Similarly, the prospective teachers will soon speed up the process of transforming the idea of missionary movement Muhammadiyah, told his students. Use mengintensifkannya, Dahlan also founded a school teacher who was later known as Madrasah Mu'allimin (Kweekschool Muhammadiyah) and Madrasah Mu'allimat (Kweekschool Wife Muhammadiyah). In this school, Dahlan teach Islam and spreading the ideals of reforms.
Dahlan is known as one who is active in community activities. With brilliant ideas and activities kemasyarakatannya, Dahlan was also easily accepted and respected in the community. Including quickly gain a place in the organization Jam'iyatul Khair, Budi Utomo, Sarekat Islam, and the Comite Kanjeng Defenders of the Prophet Muhammad.
In 1912, the exact date of 18 November 1912, Ahmad Dahlan Muhammadiyah organization was established to implement the ideals of Islamic renewal. He had a vision untu doing a renewal in the way of thinking and work according to Islamic religious guidance. He would like to invite Indonesian Muslims to return to live according to the guidance of the Qur'an and al-Hadith.
Various challenges he faced in connection with the notion that the establishment of the Muhammadiyah. Even he was accused wanted to establish a new religion that violates the Islamic religion. Kiai false. Until there are also people who want to kill him. But the obstacles are faced with a patient.
Dahlan firm at its founding. On December 20, 1912, he filed an application to the Dutch government to obtain legal entity. A new request was granted in 1914, with the Government Decree No. Letter. 81 dated August 22, 1914. Apparently, there are fears the Dutch government will be the development of this organization. So that the permission applies only to areas of Yogyakarta and the organization was only allowed to move in the Yogyakarta area
However, while Muhammadiyah is limited, but in other areas such as Srandakan, Wonosari, and Imogiri and other places have been established branch of Muhammadiyah. This is clearly contrary to the wishes of Dutch East Indies government. To fix this, then KH. Ahmad Dahlan His Idea to encourage outside Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah branch use another name. For example Nurul Islam in Pekalongan, Ujung Pandang with the name Al-Munir, in Garut with the name of Islam.
While in Solo standing association Sidiq Amanah Fathonah Tabligh (SATF) who got the leadership of Muhammadiyah branch. Even in the city of Yogyakarta itself jama'a and he advocated the teaching associations to organize and run the cause of Islam. Associations and Jama-jama'a is getting guidance from the Muhammadiyah, which of them is the Muslim Brotherhood, Taqwimuddin, Light Young, Hambudi-Holy, Khayatul Qulub, Priya President, Council of Islam, Thaharatul Qulub, Thaharatul-Aba, Ta 'alal awanu Birri, Ta'ruf's bima, u wal-Fajri, Wal-Ashri, Jamiyatul Muslimin, Syahratul Mubtadi (Kutojo and Safwan, 1991: 33).
The idea of renewal of Islam, Muhammadiyah distributed by Ahmad Dahlan by holding tabligh to various cities, as well as through trade relations had. This idea turned out to get a great reception from people in various cities in Indonesia. Scholars from other regions came to him to express support for the Muhammadiyah. Muhammadiyah was increasingly grown almost in all Indonesia. Therefore, on May 7, 1921 Dahlan appealed to the Dutch East Indies government to establish branches throughout the Indonesian Muhammadiyah. This request was granted by the Dutch East Indies government on September 2, 1921.
In the month of October 1922, Ahmad Dahlan led the congressional delegation of Muhammadiyah in Al-Islam in Cirebon. Congress is organized by the Islamic Sarikat (SI) in order to search for new action to consolidate the unity of Islamic ummah. In the congress, Muhammadiyah and the Al-Ershad (Joiner forward-leaning Arab faction under the leadership of Sheikh Ahmad Syurkati) involved a sharp debate with the orthodox Islam of Surabaya and the Holy. Muhammadiyah blamed for attacking the established flow (traditionalist-conservative) and is considered to build new schools outside the four existing schools and well established.
Muhammadiyah is also accused to conduct a new interpretation of the Koran, which according to the orthodox-traditional is prohibited. Responding to the attack, Ahmad Dahlan responded by saying, "Muhammadiyah trying to aspire to lift the Islamic religion from the state terbekelakang. Many adherents of Islam that upholds the interpretation of the scholars of the Qur'an and Hadith. Muslims must return to the Qur'an and Hadith . Must learn directly from the source, and not only through the books of commentary. "
As a democratic movement in carrying out missionary activities of Muhammadiyah, Dahlan also Muhammadiyah members to facilitate the employment evaluation process and selection of leaders in Muhammadiyah. During his life in missionary activity of the Muhammadiyah movement, has held twelve meetings members (once a year), who then used the term Algemeene Vergadering (public hearing).
In addition to rolling the idea of active in da'wah movement Muhammadiyah, he also did not forget his duty as a person who has a responsibility to his family. As one of the royal line which served as the Great Mosque Khatib Yogyakarta, he has a high enough income. He was also involved as an entrepreneur who is quite successful with the batik trade
TokohIndonesia.Com (Encyclopedia of People of Indonesia)
Source:
1) History of KH Ahmad Dahlan
